Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.

Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida and is centered on the banks of the St. Johns River, about 25 miles (40 km) south of the Georgia state line and about 340 miles (550 km) north of Miami. The Jacksonville Beaches communities are along the adjacent Atlantic coast. The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people, and in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline, one of the earliest European settlements in what is now the continental United States. Under British rule, settlement grew at the narrow point in the river where cattle crossed, known as Wacca Pilatka to the Seminole and the Cow Ford to the British. A platted town was established there in 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain; it was named after Andrew Jackson, the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh President of the United States.

Jacksonville Magazine

Jacksonville Magazine is a monthly magazine published in Jacksonville, Florida. Founded in 1983, it is a regional lifestyle and general interest magazine covering Northeast Florida. In addition to the flagship magazine, Jacksonville Magazine also publishes several supplemental publications.

History

The magazine was founded in 1983 as Jacksonville Today with the goal of creating a new lifestyle magazine for the Jacksonville area. White Publishing, founded by James L. White III, became the publisher in 1984. The magazine established itself with aggressive growth and a wide-ranging distribution network across Northeast Florida as far as Ocala. It out-competed an earlier publication named Jacksonville Magazine, and later adopted the name. Joseph White became publisher in 1999.

Like other similar regional publication, Jacksonville Magazine grew by partnering with local hotels, real estate firms, and the Chamber of Commerce to provide a distribution stream. It was also sold at White's Books, an independent bookstore chain also owned by White Publishing. These avenues enabled steady growth, although the magazine also maintained a sizable subscriber base. As of 2016, it has a monthly circulation of 22,000, including 11,000 subscriptions.

Jacksonville station

Jacksonville is a train station in Jacksonville, Florida, United States, serving Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. It serves the Silver Meteor and Silver Star trains as well as the Thruway Motorcoach to Lakeland. The station lies next door to a freight facility with its own platform and is also just east of Norfolk Southern's Simpson Yard.

History

Amtrak's Clifford Lane facility has been in operation since 1974, when it replaced the downtown Union Station, now the Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center.

Two other services once used this station, the Palmetto and Sunset Limited. In 2004 the Palmetto's route was shortened to end in Savannah, GA and in 2005 the Sunset Limited was shortened to end in New Orleans, LA as a result of Hurricane Katrina.

References

External links

Media related to Jacksonville (Amtrak station) at Wikimedia Commons

Bank

A bank is a financial institution that creates credit by lending money to a borrower, thereby creating a corresponding deposit on the bank's balance sheet. Lending activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance in the financial system and influence on national economies, banks are highly regulated in most countries. Most nations have institutionalized a system known as fractional reserve banking under which banks hold liquid assets equal to only a portion of their current liabilities. In addition to other regulations intended to ensure liquidity, banks are generally subject to minimum capital requirements based on an international set of capital standards, known as the Basel Accords.

Banking in its modern sense evolved in the 14th century in the rich cities of Renaissance Italy but in many ways was a continuation of ideas and concepts of credit and lending that had their roots in the ancient world. In the history of banking, a number of banking dynasties — notably, the Medicis, the Fuggers, the Welsers, the Berenbergs and the Rothschilds — have played a central role over many centuries. The oldest existing retail bank is Monte dei Paschi di Siena, while the oldest existing merchant bank is Berenberg Bank.

Rampart (fortification)

A rampart in fortification architecture is a length of bank or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, settlement or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth or masonry or a combination of the two.

Early fortifications

Many types of early fortification, from prehistory through to the Early Middle Ages, employed earth ramparts usually in combination with external ditches to defend the outer perimeter of a fortified site or settlement.Hillforts, ringforts or "raths" and ringworks all made use of ditch and rampart defences, and of course they are the characteristic feature of circular ramparts. The ramparts could be reinforced and raised in height by the use of palisades. This type of arrangement was a feature of the motte and bailey castle of northern Europe in the early medieval period.

Types of rampart

The composition and design of ramparts varied from the simple mounds of earth and stone, known as dump ramparts, to more complex earth and timber defences (box ramparts and timberlaced ramparts), as well as ramparts with stone revetments. One particular type, common in Central Europe, used earth, stone and timber posts to form a Pfostenschlitzmauer or "post-slot wall". Vitrified ramparts were composed of stone that was subsequently fired, possibly to increase its strength.

Bank (card game)

Bank, also known also as "Polish Bank" or "Russian Bank," is the name of a comparing card game. The game requires a standard 52-card deck and five or six players.

Rules

At the start of the game, each player contributes an arranged stake to the pool. The dealer gives three cards to each player and turns up another; if this is not lower than an eight (ace is lowest), the dealer continues turning up cards until such a card is exposed. The player on the dealer's left, without touching or looking at the three cards received, can bet the amount of the pool, or any part of it, that among those cards is one that is higher (of the same suit) than the turn-up. If the player wins, the player takes the amount from the pool; if the player loses, the player pays that amount to the pool. Each player does the same in turn, the dealer last. Whenever the pool is exhausted, a fresh stake is put into the pool. After a round is over the deal passes. No player may touch any cards received until making a bet; the penalty is a fine to the pool of twice the stake, and the loss of the right to bet during that round.